Design for the complete life
Choose the material and geometry around the intended use, repeated handling and the environment. Evaluate durability and maintenance as part of the design brief.
Consider reuse and recovery
Reusable packaging needs a return system. Recyclable material needs an accessible collection and recovery route. Record these practical arrangements early.
Measure the right outcome
Define how protection, material quantity and service life will be assessed. Keep environmental comparisons connected to a stated application and supporting evidence.